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In SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range]) the range is checked against the criteria and the sum_range holds the numbers to add. Leave out sum_range and Excel adds the range itself, which is handy for conditions like ">1000". The criteria can also point at a cell, so changing that cell changes the answer.
Syntax
SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
Example: =SUMIF(B2:B10,"South",C2:C10) adds column C wherever column B says South. =SUMIF(C2:C10,">1000") adds the big sales themselves.
Common mistakes
Read the lesson, then try it yourself in a live spreadsheet.