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The IS functions inspect a cell and return TRUE or FALSE: ISNUMBER, ISTEXT, ISBLANK and ISERROR. They never fail, so they are perfect for checking data before you calculate with it, usually inside IF.
Syntax
ISNUMBER(value) · ISTEXT(value) · ISBLANK(value) · ISERROR(value)
Example: =IF(ISBLANK(A2),"Missing",A2) shows "Missing" for empty cells.
Common mistakes
Read the lesson, then try it yourself in a live spreadsheet.